Excavations at Kalibangan 

The ancient site of Kalibangan was situated on the left bank (southern bank) of river Ghaggar, in tehsil Pilibangan, district Hanumangarh of Rajasthan between the parallels of 29047’N 74013’E. The name of river Ghaggar was Sarswati during the ancient times. Kalibangan is about 400 kilometres from Jaipur, the state capital of Rajasthan. It was first identified as Harappan site by James Tod (as Kalibeng) while he was describing the antiquities near Bikaner during 1829 to 1832. Then Amlanand Ghosh, former Director General, 

Archaeological Survey of India visited this site in 1951. Then it was excavated under the directorship of B B Lal during nine successive field seasons from 1960-61 to 1969-70. The other excavation team members were B K Thapar, M D Khare, K M Srivastava and S P Jain.  

The site was scattered over an area of a quarter of a kilometre. There were two ancient mounds named as KLB-1 in west and KLB-2 in east. KLB-1 was 9 metre high and identified as citadel while KLB-2 was 12 metre high and bigger and identified as lower town. The excavations at Kalibangan revealed two cultural periods i.e. Pre-Harappan and Harappan.